Medical graduates who aspire to specialize in obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) must make the crucial decision to choose between a DNB (Diplomate of National Board) and an MS (Master of Surgery) in this field.
Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, and it is good to understand how the decisions intersect with career growth understanding their impact on career growth is essential.
Understanding DNB and MS in OBG
Let’s understand the differences between DNB residencyand MS residency in OBG, which will help you determine which option is suitable for your career aspirations.
DNB Residency in OBG
The DNB residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology is offered by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) and is recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI). DNB programs are available in both government and private hospitals. The quality of training varies by institution, which is why hands-on experience also varies.
MS Residency in OBG
MS residency in OBG is offered by medical colleges affiliated with universities. It’s the traditional postgraduate medical degree in India, which generally conveys a structured training course in well-known medical colleges.
Comparison Based on Key Factors
1. Admission Process
MS in OBG admission is done primarily through the NEET PG examination followed by different ranks for various seats in various government medical colleges.
DNB admission is through the DNB exam conducted by the NBE, based on a merit system.
For super-specialization in gynecological oncology, fetal medicine, and reproductive medicine, candidates must qualify for the NEET SS exam.
2. Training and Exposure in OBG
MS residency programsare generally very well established in medical colleges, with a large number of different labour rooms, emergency cases, and high-risk pregnancies.
DNB residency programsin OBG vary in terms of the quality of training based on the hospital. Some DNB institutes offer excellent clinical exposure, while others will see very few patients.
DNB residents may have to work hard to gain clinical exposure.
3. Recognition and Career Prospects
The MS degree is traditionally preferred in academia and government hospitals.
The DNB qualification is now widely accepted, and the difference between DNB and MS is lessening.
Both degrees qualify one for super-speciality courses via NEET SS residency.
DNB graduates may still find difficulty in getting faculty positions in some government medical colleges, yet private hospital opportunities are on the rise.
4. Passing rate and Difficulty Level
There is a structured form of instructional teaching, faculty guidance, and regular assessment inMS examination preparations.
DNB examination is regarded as much tougher because of its stringent exit exam criteria and rigorous assessment process.
DNB examination preparationrequires self-study and wide clinical exposure for the structures of formal education vary in different hospitals.
5. Private Practice and Job Opportunities in OBG
Both DNB and MS graduates may establish a successful private practice in OBG.
Most private hospitals appreciate both degrees, although MS may have an edge over it for academics.
After OBG residency, super-speciality options can offer further career opportunities in gynecological oncology, fetal medicine, and reproductive medicine.
Conclusion: Which is Better for Your Career in OBG?
Both DNB residency and MS residency in OBG offer great career streams. The choice should be based on the following factors.
Your preferred training environment and clinical exposure. Your desires about your long-term career (private practice, academics, or super-specialization). Your convenience of adapting to independent learning in DNB residency versus the structured imparting of education in MS residency. The key to success is to stay committed, keep learning, and embrace the challenges that come with the journey!
One of the most fulfilling and dynamic careers in the medical field is Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG). An OBG resident manages everything from pregnancy and childbirth to gynecological surgeries and reproductive health at the forefront of women’s health. The MS/DNB Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency program aims to develop highly skilled, compassionate, and knowledgeable OBG specialists in maternal and reproductive care.
If you’re considering a career in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency, here’s why it’s one of the most rewarding and challenging fields in medicine.
1. A Perfect Blend of Medicine and Surgery
An OBG residency offers the greatest benefit in combining medical and surgical training. It is a field that does not confine the specializations of either clinical medicine or surgical procedures, but instead provides a person with expertise in both aspects.
You will diagnose and manage medical conditions such as PCOS, infertility, and menopause.
You will perform complex surgeries, including cesarean sections, hysterectomies, and laparoscopic gynecological procedures.
You will acquire special expertise in the care of high-risk pregnancy, fetal medicine, and ART.
There is no greater privilege than helping a mother safely deliver her baby. Obstetrics gynecology residents experience the joy and responsibility of childbirth daily.
You will witness the miracle of birth firsthand and ensure the safety of both mother and baby.
You will manage high-risk pregnancies and make life-saving decisions in critical moments.
You’ll play a role in maternal and fetal health for generations to come.
If you want a speciality that is super emotionally rewarding and fulfilling, an Obstetrics and Gynecology residency is for you!
3. A Career Empowering Women’s Health
You will be a counsellor for women’s healthcare for their entire lifespan through an OBG residency program.
You will diagnose and treat reproductive health conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, and ovarian cysts.
You will be part of family planning, contraception counseling, and fertility treatments.
You will administer life-saving screenings and preventive care, including PAP smears and HPV vaccinations.
As an Obstetrics Gynecology resident, you are not just a doctor, you are an educator, counsellor, and leader in women’s health.
The field of Obstetrics and Gynecology is constantly advancing, with newer developments in the fields of minimally invasive surgery, reproductive medicine, and maternal-fetal care.
Learn advanced surgical techniques, including robotic and laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries.
Get exposure to fertility preservation, IVF, and genetic counseling.
Be part of groundbreaking research in maternal-fetal medicine and gynecologic oncology.
5. High Demand & Excellent Career Opportunities
Demand for Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists has been at a very high rate. It means the career choice will be pretty profitable.
Obstetricians and gynecologists are in demand by hospitals, private clinics, fertility centres, and rural settings for healthcare services.
Specialize in any of these subspecialties such as gynecologic oncology, urogynecology, or maternal-fetal medicine.
Experience will eventually take you to having a flourishing private practice or as a medical educator.
An OBG residency offers a wide variety of career paths, ensuring job security and professional growth.
6. Global Impact: Work Anywhere in the World
As an OBG specialist, you are not limited by location. There is a global need for maternal health experts, and your expertise will be valued worldwide.
Work in rural and underserved areas where maternal healthcare is critically needed.
Develop a career in academic medicine, public health, and medical policy to mold the future of women’s healthcare.
The OBGYN residency gives you global mobility to make a difference anywhere you are.
Conclusion: Is an OBS-GYN Residency Right for You?
Choosing a career in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency means embracing a profession filled with life-changing moments, challenges, and opportunities.
Do you have a passion for women’s health? Do you love medicine and surgery alike? If you are ready to make an indelible mark on that, then the OBG residency is for you!
So, natural sources of iron are divided into three, one is the best ones come under good sources and the ones that come under very poor sources, are basically useless sources. So, when I say the best sources, it includes meat, meat can be from any source, it can be from any animal, apart from that fish, apart from that you are also going to have egg yolk and finally a bit of vegetarian, a little bit of beans. Good sources include leafy vegetables, I have cereals, I have ragi, I also have dates and for poor sources, I have milk-based products.
Now, you would ask me the dates. The problem is dates, which is date is very expensive, so not all women, especially in our country where women come from low socioeconomic status, not all women can afford that So, let us think about one question that you are going to be asked in your exam and that question happens to be jaggery.
A lot of examiners love asking this question why don’t you tell Jaggery? Jaggery was a very good source of iron, especially in our country where jaggery is fortified with iron. I will never mention, I will never mention neither to my patients nor to my examiners jaggery as an answer for a good source of iron. The reason is the amount of jaggery that is required to be consumed, to be able to provide with that adequate required amount of iron per day during pregnancy or even in a non-pregnant state is too high.
If you are consuming that much of an amount of jaggery, especially during pregnancy when there is going to be insulin resistance in the second and third trimester, physiological insulin resistance, you are giving rise to that female having gestational diabetes mellitus. So in one comorbidity, you are giving her another much more dangerous comorbidity, which is why jaggery can never be the answer. One possible answer is cooking with iron utensils, but you also need to remember that in India, iron utensils which are used, leave aside India, if you use it anywhere, can be oxides, ferrous oxide, and ferric oxide, all these can become compounds which can be even toxic to people, which is why I would want to prefer not using just iron utensils and cooking in iron utensils, especially in India I said because the iron utensils that are available in India, they are not purely iron, they also contain other metals and those other metals are added to it to be able to sustain that temperature, high temperatures.
So the toxic radicals that can be formed because of heating food in it can be deleterious, they can be very bad, detrimental for a female or any human health, which is why cooking in iron utensils is a good way to know, but given the fact that the government gives us iron and folic acids for free, tablets for free, I wouldn’t want to risk that female towards the development of the toxicity by that. Fine. So you would ask me, okay, what if it’s a female who is having a mixed diet, she’s eating good enough amounts of non-vegetarian diet, and I can just supplement her with a lot of non-vegetarian diets?
Remember, a non-vegetarian diet can also lead to hyper triglyceridemia, basically dyslipidemia, and to also make it palatable, there are a lot of other spices, oils, and a lot of products that are added to it, which though it can be made palatable, it can be again deleterious from a dyslipidemia point of view. You would ask me to increase the good sources, but then how much can a female have beefy vegetables, how many cereals can she have, and the other side effects, amino acid deficiencies that come with it, they cannot be supplemented, which is why increasing the natural sources of iron as a way to supplement iron is not a great way. Still, if you tell me that I have managed it somehow, I have made a good enough diet chart for this female, and I believe that should be adequate for her to be able to supplement her daily needs.
Let us understand why even that is not the best way ahead. The reason is that even if I eat the best combination of all of these, my daily consumption that is going to happen, my daily diet that is going to come, this daily diet will still just contain around 10-20 mg of elemental iron. We speak of iron in terms of how much elemental iron is.
So elemental iron is only going to contain 10-20 mg. 10-20 mg, what is the daily recommended allowance in pregnancy? The daily recommended allowance in pregnancy happens to be 6-7 mg of elemental iron per day. So you would say that here you are getting 10-20%, which is an excellent thing, but you need to understand that when you are giving it through the oral route, not all is going to be absorbed, a lot of it is going to be wasted.
A lot, 90% is wasted and only 10% is absorbed. So when I say 10%, it is only 1-2 mg of elemental iron that is going to be absorbed. And 1-2 mg is too low in comparison to the recommended daily allowance in pregnancy and lactation states.
Which is also why Anemia Mukta Bharat, which is a program that is formulated by the government for the correction of anemia in adolescents and reproductive age women and pregnant and lactating women, is basically a program that has been more focused on women and children and adolescents to reduce the rates of anemia in our country. The tablets that they provide for free, those tablets which come in two forms, a red tablet and a blue tablet, both of them contain 60 mg of elemental iron. Because they understand that when 60 mg is absorbed in 10%, then 6 mg is absorbed.
And if 6 mg is absorbed, that is going to be adequate for me in terms of my recommended daily allowance and hence the pregnancy demand is going to be sufficed. This is a very easy way to remember, earlier the older guidelines said that 100 mg of elemental iron should be given but no, the current guidelines say that 60 mg of elemental iron is sufficient enough for a female to be able to maintain her hemoglobin at the normal level. This is why 60 mg of elemental iron is present in both these capsules, red and blue.
You would ask me why do we have to make two different capsules, both have 60 mg of elemental iron with 500 microgram of folic acid. What is the difference? Why do I have two different tablets? I could have just made it red. Because red is for reproductive-age women pregnant women and lactating women, whereas blue is for adolescents.
You would still say, why should I not give it to adolescents? It is because there can be a social stigma that my daughter who is a 16-year-old in especially tribal and village areas, they would say that a female who is pregnant in the village is also taking a red capsule and a girl who is an adolescent 16-year-old, she is also getting the same capsule of red colour. That stigma might make them think that that adolescent girl is getting an overdose because she is not pregnant and say that they may not end up giving birth. Plus red color justifies menstruation, pregnancy, and lactating states, which is why this has been kept as a stigma to prevent it.
And so that adolescents do not end up thinking that I am being given a woman’s thing for They do not know the doses inside that. They just know that I have to take this pill. This is why blue capsule is given to adolescents.
It is given once a week, by the way, we will be talking about this later, but still once a week, whereas the red capsule, reproductive age, which is given to all three, is given once per day in a normal female and twice per day in a female who already has iron deficiency anemia. So that is the logic behind Anemia Mukta Bharat’s 60 mg elemental iron with 500 mg polyacetamide. But this is the logic behind why we give supplements of iron.
We give it in the form of tablets, we give it in the form of capsules and why we do not rely purely on the basis of just diet.
Starting an obstetrics and gynaecology residency as a Junior Resident is quite exciting and challenging. As you enter the OBG residency world, you’ll experience a lot more than just dealing with high-risk pregnancies and doing life-saving surgeries. That’s where Conceptual OBG comes to help in your obstetrics and gynecology residency program from something manageable to truly transformational.
So, you’re probably wondering why you should choose Conceptual OBG as your learning companion during your OBG residency programs. Well, here’s everything you need to know below:
1. A Comprehensive Learning Approach for Residents
Residency is not about clearing exams but rather about mastering practical and theoretical knowledge that characterizes an exceptional OB-GYN practitioner. Conceptual OBG offers:
Clinical Case Discussions: Real-world clinical scenarios that mimic the challenges you’ll face during your obstetrics and gynecology residency program.
Step-by-Step Surgical Guidance: Whether you’re scrubbing in for a cesarean or assisting in a hysterectomy, our resources provide clear, concise guidance.
Simplified Concepts: Complex topics like fetal monitoring, labor management, and gynecologic oncology are broken down into bite-sized, easy-to-understand lessons.
This holistic approach ensures you’re well-prepared for both your day-to-day responsibilities and your long-term career in obstetrics and gynecology residency training programs.
2. Expert Faculty with Practical Insights
What makes Conceptual OBG different is the expert OBG faculties who will bring years of experience to your table.
They not only teach you the “what” but also the “why” and “how” behind every clinical decision.
This emphasis on critical thinking is essential to success in any obstetrics and gynecology residency.
3. Cover High-Yield Topics for Exam
Preparing for theory exams during your obstetrics and gynecology residency program can be overwhelming, especially with the limited time you have as anOBG resident. Conceptual OBG simplifies your preparation by offering:
Topic-Wise Summaries: Condensed notes for last-minute revision.
Obstetrics and Gynecology MCQs: Practice that aligns with the latest exam patterns.
With Conceptual OBG, exam prep is much more organized and therefore will save you time and energy.
4. Designed for the JRs
We understand that the Junior Residency is hard. From 36-hour shifts to endless patient rounds and balancing academics, it is easy to be overwhelmed. Conceptual OBG is designed specifically for the unique needs of JRs inOBG residency programs, offering flexible learning options that fit into your hectic schedule.
On-the-Go Learning: View videos or flip through your notes on your daily commute or break.
Quick Reference Guides: Essential tips and protocols in your pocket amid clinical emergencies.
5. Developing Confidence in Fundamental Skills in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Simulated Scenarios: Prepare for the real-life emergency that is postpartum haemorrhage or ectopic pregnancy.
Interactive Modules: Engage with quizzes, videos, and assignments that enhance your understanding.
Live Q&A Sessions: Get your doubts clarified directly by experts.
6. Networking Opportunities with Peers and Mentors
Your journey in an obstetrics residency isn’t just about what you learn but also with whom you learn.
Conceptual OBG connects you with a community of like-minded peers and mentors who can guide you through challenges, share resources, and celebrate your wins.
7. Elevate Your Career Hopes in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Conceptual OBG is not just about surviving your obstetrics and gynecology residency, it’s about thriving the OBG residency. The skills, knowledge, and confidence you will gain here will set you apart, making you excel not only as a resident but also in your future as a consultant, researcher, or academician in OB-GYN.
Why wait? Join Conceptual OBG today!
Yourobstetrics gynecology residency training program is one of the most important periods of your career. Let’s make the most of it with Conceptual OBG. Master clinical cases, ace exams, or simply navigate the challenges of residency life-there is something for everyone at Conceptual OBG.
Join Conceptual OBG now and take your first step toward becoming the OB-GYN expert you’ve always dreamed of being.
Together, let’s make your residency journey extraordinary!
Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) journey doesn’t end with post-graduation. “What next?” is probably one of the most widely discussed topics among newly post-graduated OBG doctors. To continue in a senior residency to take up a fellowship, or directly go to private practice?
Here is an overview of each one so that you can make an informed decision for your career.
1: Senior Residency
Senior residency is a great choice if you want to develop confidence and acquire significant hands-on experience.
Why Senior Residency?
Increased Exposure: The senior residency provides three years of exposure to different cases, which helps you hone your clinical and surgical skills.
Independence: This position gives you more independence in decision-making and surgeries compared to a junior residency.
Foundation for Practice: Senior residency is very instrumental in establishing a proper foundation in core OBG before one decides to pursue a specialty or enter into private practice.
Key Benefits:
Change to grasp general OBG experience with managing high-risk pregnancies and routine gynecologic surgeries.
Confidence in practising OBG with the least supervision.
Possible opportunity to mentor and orient junior residents, and train the skills of teaching and leadership.
If you want to get well-rounded in OBG before focusing on a particular area, then senior residency is the way to go.
2: Fellowship (Super Specialization)
For those who want to specialize in a specific area of interest, a fellowship is the next logical step.
Fields of Super Specialization in OBG:
Reproductive Medicine & Infertility
Gynecological Endoscopy
Fetal Medicine
High-Risk Obstetrics and Critical Care
Gynecologic Oncology
Urogynecology
Medical Education
Fellowships are also more focused, where the expertise is in cutting-edge technologies and advanced procedures in one’s chosen field.
Why Choose a Fellowship?
Expertise in a Niche Field: You will be identified as an expert in the niche field.
Career Prospects: Super-specialized doctors are in high demand in tertiary hospitals, academic institutions, and even in private practices.
Earn More: A fellowship, most of the time, translates into higher income as a result of specialized skills.
Key Factors to Look Out For
Long-Term Goals: Do you have a passion for a particular niche, or do you envision yourself doing well as a general OBG?
Opportunities Available: Investigate the availability and quality of fellowships or senior residency programs in your area.
Workload and Academic Growth: Find programs that have a nice balance of academic opportunities and hands-on training.
Personal Preferences: Consider your timeline and how much time you’re willing to invest before starting independent practice.
Conclusion: Choose What Aligns with Your Goals
Whichever you choose, either senior residency or fellowship each offers its own benefits. So take your time to reflect on your interests, goals, and the kind of career you envision for yourself. OBG offers unmatched versatility, allowing you to craft a career that is both professionally and personally satisfying.
The choice of medical speciality for an aspiring doctor is crucial. Obstetrics and Gynecology is one of the dynamic careers that will combine the art of medicine and surgery. Whether you are considering OBG residencyor finding specialization options in Obstetrics and Gynecology, this blog gives you a comprehensive overview to make informed decisions.
Why Choose Obstetrics and Gynecology?
Here is the detailed pros and cons given:
Pros of Obstetrics and Gynecology as a Career
Combination of Medicine and Surgery: OBG uniquely blend clinical practice with surgical skills, allowing for a varied career.
Satisfactory Experience: The profession includes the occasion of bringing new life to the world.
Evergreen Demand: The demand for gynaecologists and obstetricians continues to be steady, meaning job security.
Flexible Hours with Specialisations: Subspecialties in fetal medicine, reproductive medicine, and urogynecology have structured hours with fewer emergencies.
Diversity in Work Environments: Careers can be held in government setups, private hospitals, corporate roles, and international placement.
Cons of Obstetrics and Gynecology
High Stress: Emergency deliveries and critical situations demand composure and quick decision-making.
Heavy Workload: Long hours, night duties, and on-call responsibilities can be hectic, especially during residency.
Emotional Challenges: Dealing with complications of the mother or baby can be emotionally challenging.
Urban Competition: Whereas urban areas are saturated, smaller towns and cities are better for growth.
Look for programs that have a strong academic framework and a moderate-to-heavy workload to ensure adequate training.
DNB centres should have at least 100 deliveries in a month to ensure adequate exposure.
2. Surgical Exposure
Look for programs with good all-around training, including pre-op and post-op care, rather than just surgical exposure.
3. MS vs. DNB
MS and DNB in Obstetrics and Gynecology are considered equivalent qualifications, but they differ in the way they are structured.
MS programs are usually offered by medical colleges, focusing on academic and clinical training, whereas DNB is conducted in hospitals, with hands-on exposure to a wide variety of cases.
DNB candidates may require additional senior residency time, depending on the hospital. Larger multi-speciality hospitals offer more comprehensive training because they have a greater variety of cases and specialties.
In the end, both qualifications lead to similar career opportunities, though the experience of training can be different.
4. Language and Location
Knowledge of the local language helps in communication with patients and enhances the residency experience overall.
5. Support System
Residency can be very stressful. It’s important to have a good support system either in terms of family, friends or colleagues.
Super-Specialization in OBG
OBG is an extremely wide area, which offers many super-specializations, including:
Fetal Medicine: Advanced imaging and high-risk pregnancies.
Reproductive Medicine: Specialized care in infertility and IVF.
Gynecologic Oncology: Management of cancers in the reproductive tract.
Urogynecology: Treating pelvic floor disorders and incontinence.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Expertise in laparoscopic and robotic procedures.
Critical Care in Obstetrics: Managing high-risk and emergency cases.
Medical Education: Training future doctors and contributing to academics.
Passion for the Field
If you are interested in women’s health, surgery, and holistic care, then OBG will be a very fulfilling career path. Compromising your interest for other factors can eventually result in dissatisfaction in the long run. Align your career with your passion and long-term goals.
Work-Life Balance in OBG
As competitive and time-intensive the OBG can be, it is possible to create a work-life balance:
Structured Specializations: One like fetal medicine and reproductive medicine tends to have predictable hours with few emergencies.
Private Practice: Schedules can be planned around personal needs.
Life Phases: Career advancement may be temporarily slowed down by motherhood or personal responsibilities but usually rebounds with time.
Career Paths in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Post-residency career options include:
Senior Residency: Acquire more experience in academic or non-academic environments.
Super-Specialization or Fellowships: Specialize in specific areas.
Private Practice: From OPD-only setups to fully-equipped nursing homes.
Corporate Hospitals: Provide structured roles with competitive pay.
International Opportunities: High demand in countries with specialist shortages.
Government Hospitals: Job security with predictable work environments.
Conclusion
Obstetrics and Gynecology residency is a fulfilling branch. It provides a diverse number of opportunities, an excellent mix of medicine and surgery, and moments of sheer joy. The journey might be tough, but it is worth it for all the satisfaction it provides.
Whichever it is, whether starting your OBG residency or thinking through your long-term career prospects, remember that the direction you take should be guided by your passions and goals. Use available resources, seek counsel, and trust your gut as you take this richly rewarding journey.
Hi and welcome everyone to today’s episode of Feature of the Day. Today is 9th of April and in a significant part of India, day is celebrated as either we call it Ugadi or we call it Gudipadva. So in Maharashtra, Gudipadva is the new year for Maharashtrians whereas Ugadi for a few other states indicates that it’s a harbinger of joy, it’s a new era, it’s the beginning of spring.
It is basically just a new beginning and hence I decided to choose a topic that has a significant importance and just a couple of days ago, according to a study, India was said to be the cancer capital of the globe and in just an example, in the current ongoing Indian Premier League, there is one feature called as most valuable player.
Basically, the player who gives the maximum contribution to the team is given that award of MVP or the most valuable player of the team and similarly, in making India get to that first position to be called as a cancer capital of the globe, cervical cancer was the MVP of our country. It is one of most significant cancers, almost 2 lakh cases according to 2023’s WHO report, almost 2 lakh cases are detected every year and we have around 70,000 deaths.
Yes, we do have other cancers, oral cancers, breast cancer, lung cancers but the sad part about cervical cancer is that it’s a vaccine preventable. It is probably the only preventable cancer that we have currently and yet to have these high numbers is a little disappointing. So, I decided to touch down upon a few topics which included cervical screening and cervical cancer screening as well as immunization and its current status in India in today’s topic.
So, to begin with, these guidelines have been taken from FOCSI’s GPCR. GPCR is the good clinical practice guidelines from FOCSI. FOCSI is the association that controls all the gynecological societies in India.
So, it advises three main modalities for screening, cervical cancer screening. So, the first one is cytology and cytology which is probably the most famous of all of these three is the one that is commonly done in our medical colleges and we do it because it’s a very, it is not really a resource sensitive thing to be done and it can easily be interpreted by a mere microscope. It doesn’t even take much to do the sampling and it is something that can be done at every possible hospital, even a small primary health care center.
The numbers that I’ve written in the packets are the number of years at which frequency of these tests should be scheduled. So, for cytology, it has to be scheduled every three years if the tests are negative. The next test is what we call the HPV DNA test.
In this, from the sample, we check for the DNA of the human papillomavirus, the virus that causes cervical cancer and we see if it is a high-risk DNA. So, by high-risk, I mean there are around 200 different types of HPVs. Of them, there are few around 15 to 20 of them which are high-risk and by high-risk, I mean they are the ones who are actually causing 90% of the cases of cervical cancer.
The low-risk ones cause genital warts but the high-risk ones are the ones which are dangerous. They directly cause cervical cancer. So, this HPV DNA is used to detect those high-risk DNAs, the significant ones being 16 and 18 and the third one is visual inspection under acetic acid or visual inspection by Lugol’s iodine.
The foxy though recommends this to be done by just acetic acid and not by Lugol’s iodine. In this, there’s the concept that any cancerous cell has a lot of DNA material in it. There’s a lot of chromatin in it.
So, whenever you’re putting any acid on it, in this case, we use acetic acid of almost 0.5% concentration, this chromatin or this DNA material gets coagulated and we can see it as a white spot wherever these cells are present, wherever these malignant cells are present.
Similarly, by doing it with Lugol’s iodine, therein, the Lugol’s iodine as we have read is the one that stains, it stains glycogen or glucose stores. So, on the contrary to what we had in acetic acid, that it stained the malignant cells, in this, the Lugol’s iodine stains the normal cells and it leaves the patches on places where there are no malignant cells and we call the classic up here the yellowishness, the yellow color that we see with Lugol’s iodine on normal cells, we call it, it’s a mahogany yellow color that we classically see.
In visual inspection with acetic acid, we see classical coagulation, we see white spots. It is also to be done every five years, but it’s a very, it’s very much a thing now that is done only in lower resource settings. We now ideally prefer to do either cytology or HPV DNA or we can combine them both and do something called as a co-test.
It has much higher sensitivity and specificity and it also can be repeated every five years. Now, these were the things that were being done for several years. What are the minor changes that we have gotten? Now, the problem with cytology used to be, we used to collect it with a swab or with an IR spatula, we used to smear it on a slide and then we used to send it to the lab for testing.
Now, there were multiple problems that were arising. The first one was by collection using a swab or an IR spatula. A lot of sample, a lot of cells used to be left behind.
It’s an exfoliative test. Basically, the cells in the cervical area or in the vagina are the ones that we take for testing and a lot of cells would be left behind. So, probably a patient was getting a falsely negative report which meant that the patient probably could have had cancer but it was not being detected because we weren’t collecting the entire sample.
Plus, after putting it on the slide, it used to get dried by the air. So, by the time the sample reached the laboratory, a lot of sample would either be wasted or the sample just would not be adequate enough on the slide to be good enough for interpretation.
So, the amount of inadequate samples was increasing and we just had a 10 to 20 percent yield of good quality reports of this.
So, what we decided to do is we decided to introduce a liquid media. In this liquid media, we use a brush. We use a brush to take a swab.
So, this brush not only collects the endocervical cells but also the ectocervical cells and we put it in a liquid media. Now, in this liquid media, there is no risk of loss of cells because it is getting all adhered to the brush and we are putting it inside a jar that contains the liquid, what we call as LBC, liquid based cytology. LBC is the way we do it now.
LBCPAP or LBC HPV DNA is what we do now. So, liquid based cytology is what we do now. So, in that liquid, the amount of cells that were being wasted was also reduced and so from that 10 to 20 percent of the yield, now we started getting almost 80 to 90 percent of yield of reports and hence it is practiced or it is used now.
The only problem is that it is a slightly expensive test and is not coded at all the centers. So, these are the modalities that are advised in India for screening. The first is cytology wherein you just take a, where is you just take, you collect the cells that have been shedded by the cervix.
It is exfoliated cytology or you test for the HPV DNA by doing a PCR that is polymerase chain reaction test or you do visual inspection with acetic acid. This is about screening. We will be covering about what are the treatments for each modality of screening and what is to be done next in a separate lecture on our application.
Apart from that, in the vaccination, currently our government, just recently in this budget, the budget that was announced by our finance minister, she announced that our country has now not only started producing its own endogenous vaccine called as Cervavac which is a quadrivalent. The numbers here indicate the valency. By valency, I mean how many different DNAs do these vaccines cover.
So, it can be either a bivalent one which covers 16 and 18 or it can be a quadrivalent one which covers 6, 11, 18 and 16. Or it can cover a non-valent one which covers 9 different subspecies which includes which includes 6, 11, 18, 16, 31, 33, 45, 53, many more of them. So, basically 9 major variants and we call it Gardasil whereas the one that is significant over here is Cervavac.
Now Cervavac is a thing that is produced in India by an Indian company and it has now been put into the national immunization schedule as well for girls. Though it is advised that even boys take it because it reduces the risk of penile cancer and also the transmission of this HPV virus to women but currently in the national immunization schedule, it has been introduced for girls in the age of 9 to 15. The significance of this age is that these are the girls who are still yet to have the onset of sexual activity.
So, when you give this vaccine prior to the onset of sexual activity, it has maximum benefit whereas if you are giving it at a later age after a female has had a sexual activity earlier, the efficacy significantly reduces. Also, in this age group, you just need to give 2 intramuscular doses 6 months apart whereas when the patient is more than 15 years till the age of 27, you have to give 3 doses for them at 0, 1 and 6 months of interval. After 27 years of age, most women have had their sexual activity, the onset of sexual activity and it makes no real sense to be giving them these vaccines because the efficacy is going to be very very poor.
So, that is it for this feature of the day. So, we spoke about not only modalities of screening today which included cytology, HPV DNA and visual inspection with acetic acid. We also spoke of HPV vaccination in that the significant one is Sarvavac that has been introduced by an Indian company and it is now included for free in the national immunization program as well.
It will be given to girls in the age group of 9 to 15 years of age and it will be given in the form of 2 doses 6 months apart. It will be given intramuscularly and will be given for free by the government. So, thank you for your listening today.
I hope with this lecture, we can bring in a new change in our family. We have several girls in our family. We have women in our family.
So, for those young girls, we can definitely advocate this vaccine. We can be the ones who administer them. We can be the one who encourages them to commit it to their friends, into their school and increase the awareness and for the women, we have our aunts, we have our sisters, we have our mothers.
For them, we can advise them to start doing these modalities of screening regularly from the age of 30 till the age of 65. That is a very significant point. In India, we started from the age of 30 and we can do it till the age of 65 and it depends on which test you are doing to determine the frequency of those tests.
I hope this lecture helps you understand this topic slightly better and I hope you all are the ones who are leading from the front to bring about this change so that 10 years down the line, we can probably shed this tag of being the cancer capital of the world at least on the front of cervical cancer. Thank you.
We understand well the difficulties in preparing for and succeeding inOBS-GYN residency programs. That is why we have a choice of video recordings based on high-quality content presented by experts who aim to build clinical knowledge and practical skills.
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Embarking on a career after completing your obstetrics gynecology residencyis both exciting and challenging. As an OBG resident, you have gathered some of the best clinical hands-on skills, but after that, it is a game of deciding whether you continue at your own practice, join a healthcare organization, or go into academics. Let’s explore howobs-gyn residency programs can prepare you for managing the business of these career options and highlight some practical strategies for success.
Option for OBG Residents After Residency
1. A career in a Mainstream Practice
Most obs-gyn residents tend to go for an established practice because it offers steady patient flow, opportunity for mentorship, and less administrative burden. The contract details, revenue models, and work settings are critically important in setting up long-term success.
2. Setting up Private Practice
It takes entrepreneurial skills to begin your practice. This path offers the ability to have autonomy and to shape your model of patient care. But it also includes managing finances, insurance billing, staffing, and compliance. Graduates of top obstetrics and gynecology programs will often tell you that this training has prepared them to take on the clinical along with the administrative pieces.
3. Hospital Employment
Although hospitals are the favourite destination for many, especially for ones completing their obstetrics and gynecology residency, much is learned before stepping foot in the door regarding hospital policies, patient quotas, and performance metrics.
4. Academic Medicine
If you like the faculty life with opportunities to teach, then join an academic institution, it’s a very rewarding profession. Nothing can compare to moulding the future generation of resident obs-gyn specialists, and you’ll contribute significantly to women’s health progress.
5. Consultation and Administrative Careers
Many physicians have become consultants or administrative staff in healthcare organizations, an area of strengthening healthcare systems but one of leadership and management skills also to be acquired within a period of Obstetrics Gynecology Residency Training Programs.
Business Management of OBG
Whatever career you choose after obs-gyn residency programs practice management must be learned. Here is how you can start it:
1. Financial Literacy
Knowing the basics of budgeting, accounting, and revenue cycle management.
Being updated on bills and coding of procedures, especially for obstetrics and gynecology services.
2. Technology Integration
Familiarize with electronic medical records and practice management software.
Leverage telemedicine to expand more reach and provide flexible care options.
3. Relationship with Patients
Good communication skills build trust and loyalty to the health care provider.
Encouraged patients to comment on services so that service delivery constantly improves.
4. Lifelong Learning
Always updated on recent developments in women’s health and practice management through courses and workshops.
You may get access to the educational resources from the eConceptual platform which will refresh your mind with its different platforms. It’s a complete package for all the residents and medical professionals who want to enhance their knowledge on a continuous basis.
Why Residency Matters?
The gynecology residency programs give the residents foundational knowledge that equips them both ways through clinical expertise and also experience in practice management.
If you are struggling during your residency and don’t know how to ace obs-gyn residency?
Join Conceptual OBG, where we bridge the gap between clinical and practical knowledge. Learn the most competitive knowledge resources available to the obstetrics and gynecology residency residents and advance another step towards women’s health.
As an OBG resident, you shall begin an exciting journey full of opportunities for net learning, clinical training, and the provision of health services to different spheres of the community. One cannot, however, assume that this particular specialty is easy to handle, so you require all sorts of educational materials to gain knowledge and skills, thereby preparing you for the various types of challenges to come ahead.
This blog post will outline some of the best resources for OBG residents, ranging from conceptual understanding to practical skill development. They can turn to a source of importance no matter whether you are just starting your residency or already well into training. These are good tools to shape you into a skilled and compassionate OBG practitioner.
Conceptual OBG: Your Comprehensive Learning Platform
Conceptual OBG is a first-class institution that caters only to OBG residents, providing them with a conceptual platform which suits their holistic learning needs. Conceptual OBG was developed by experts in the industry and provides adequate resources to help you solidify your conceptual base in obstetrics and gynecology.
The Conceptual OBG platform has a huge library of pre-recorded and live lectures regarding the complete spectrum of OBG subjects-from core principles to current advancement. These lectures are given by faculty members who have become household names. They are designed to augment your knowledge base, prepare you for both the written as well as the practicals, and make things easier on your examination days.
Along with the lecture series, Conceptual OBG also provides a huge library of clinical case studies, interactive simulations, and hands-on skill-building exercises. These will help you apply your abstract knowledge into real practice, whereby you can sharpen your skills in diagnosis, decision-making, and, generally, your clinical skills.
Mastering the Essentials – Surgical Skill Development
Being anOBG residentis basically being tasked with how to hone your surgical skills. Conceptual OBG is very detailed, with step-by-step video library demonstrations of various types of OBG procedures. This includes basic suturing techniques up to very complex laparoscopic surgeries.
You can familiarize yourself with the new approaches in surgery; fine-tune your hand-eye coordination; and develop the confidence to perform these procedures under the guidance of your mentors by getting access to high-quality videos of any surgical procedure done. This resource can prove especially useful for those residents who would otherwise not get a chance to watch or assist in certain procedures when on rotation.
Exam Preparation: Acing the Boards
The OBG resident undergoes a series of tests from in-service exams to the very historical board certification exams. Conceptual OBG acknowledges such milestones many and is therefore giving a special section on exam preparation.
It includes all practice questions and mock exams along with detailed explanations of all the key concepts, which would surely make you ready to take on the world. Along with this, it provides a huge question bank, measures of your knowledge, identification of potential shortcomings, and strategies for improvement in study.
Mentorship and Networking Opportunities
Residency can be challenging, but the difference in what makes its difficulty may also be a very rich opportunity. You have to seek contact with experienced professionals to whom you can turn for mentorship or seek guidance or ask questions or gain input from those who have walked the path before you. Conceptual OBG would facilitate connection between residents and renowned OBG professionals.
It further gives a feel of attachment to one’s fellow villagers, creating a community that is not only vital but also full of sharing of experiences with idea exchange and collaborative learning.
Unlock Your Potential with Conceptual OBG
As an OBG resident, hard work into excellence is worth praise. Using Conceptual OBG will be useful in unlocking any one of your possible potentialities; you will then be ready to emerge confidently as a knowledgeable and skilled OBG practitioner, ready to make a lasting difference in the lives of your patients.
Find comprehensive resources on Conceptual OBGpowered by eConceptual and learn your way to a fulfilling and successful career in obstetrics and gynecology. Visit our website at www.conceptualobg.com to find more and become part of our OBG aspiring professional family.
